The Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) exam is a critical assessment tool for non-native English speakers, enabling them to demonstrate their proficiency in the language and thereby increase their opportunities for study, work, and life in English-speaking nations. The preparatory journey for this examination is multifaceted, taking into account several aspects such as language learning, practice, and familiarization with exam formats. As we move forward into the future, a variety of trends, technologies, and advancements in the language learning industry are set to redefine TOEFL preparation.

Let us first explore the advancements in adaptive learning technologies. These are systems that modify teaching methods and pace in real-time, adjusting to the learner's strengths and weaknesses. The algorithm's underlying principle is the Zone of Proximal Development theory, which suggests that optimal learning occurs just beyond the learner's current ability level. Employing artificial intelligence (AI) in adaptive learning platforms creates a highly personalized learning environment, helping students to strengthen their weaknesses and capitalize on their strengths, contributing to more efficient TOEFL preparation. However, these technologies' effectiveness is highly dependent on the quality of the data they receive which may raise privacy concerns, a tradeoff that must be addressed as we move forward.

Another trend that's gaining ground is the use of augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) in language learning. These advanced technologies offer immersive learning experiences, significantly enhancing student engagement and retention. With AR and VR, TOEFL aspirants can simulate real-world English language environments, aiding in more practical and contextual learning. While these technologies provide a unique learning experience, they also require greater financial investments and robust hardware, factors that might limit their wide-spread accessibility.

The rise of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) is yet another development that's reshaping TOEFL prep. MOOC platforms offer high-quality, structured courses that can be accessed by anyone, anywhere, at any time. This removes geographical barriers and provides a self-paced learning environment. However, the lack of personal interaction and guidance can lead to high attrition rates, revealing a need for blending self-paced online learning with some form of instructor-led sessions.

Further afield, the incorporation of neuroscientific principles into TOEFL prep is promising. The field of neuroeducation, where neuroscience, psychology, and education intersect, offers insights into how the brain learns and retains language. Using cognitively engaging tasks, interleaving (mixing related tasks), and spaced repetition are some neuroeducation techniques that can optimize TOEFL prep. However, the application of these principles requires a deep understanding of cognitive science, which may not always be readily accessible to language course designers and teachers.

Gamification, or the use of game design elements in non-game contexts, is another trend. It has been shown that gamification enhances motivation and engagement, crucial factors in language learning. Incorporating a system of rewards and challenges in TOEFL prep materials can ensure a more enjoyable and effective learning experience. The challenge here lies in balancing the fun aspect of gamified learning with the seriousness attached to TOEFL preparation.

While these trends and advancements seem exciting, it's important to remember that learning is a deeply personal process, and what works for one individual might not work for another. Therefore, a blended approach might be the best path forward, integrating traditional classroom teaching with advanced technology and methodologies, personalized to individual learners' needs.

In conclusion, the future of TOEFL prep is set to be dynamic and innovative, shaped by advancements in technology, pedagogy, and cognitive science. As these trends continue to evolve, TOEFL candidates will have a wealth of resources and methods at their disposal, making the journey towards English language proficiency more effective, engaging, and personalized. As to whether these developments will result in higher TOEFL scores across the board remains to be seen. However, what's clear is that these advancements will revolutionize the way we prepare for this critical examination.